Abstract
Medical doctors can efficiently diagnose and treat patients because of the broad experience available. Generally, the medical experts have hardly any deep understanding of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In some cases, however, they apply nanotechnology-based drugs, implants, and devices to reach the envisioned success. In our everyday life, we do make similar experiences, as we are using toothpaste and sun protection; both rely on nanometer-sized ingredients, without realizing that nanomedicine is employed. Nanomedicine, however, is a term often related to some danger for our health. Although there is no proof, people believe that nanotechnology could become harmful and the application should be better avoided. This chapter, therefore, summarizes selected examples, which elucidate the potential of nanoscience and nanotechnology for the treatment of common diseases, including caries, incontinence, and cardiovascular diseases.