Nanophysiology THE JANUS FACE OF IMMUNE STIMULATION BY NANOMEDI-CINES: EXAMPLES FOR THE GOOD AND THE BAD
1Genetic Immunity, Berlini utca 47-49 Budapest 1045, Hungary and 8300 Greensboro Drive Mclean, VA 22102, e-mail: lisziewj@geneticimmunity.com.
2Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Bay Zoltán Foundation for Applied Research and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4 Budapest 1089, Hungary, e-mail: Jszebeni2@gmail.com
Quellenangabe: Julianna Lisziewicz, Janos Szebeni. Nanophysiology THE JANUS FACE OF IMMUNE STIMULATION BY NANOMEDI-CINES: EXAMPLES FOR THE GOOD AND THE BAD, nano Online. (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/nano.0012.00023
Quellenangabe: Julianna Lisziewicz, Janos Szebeni. Nanophysiology THE JANUS FACE OF IMMUNE STIMULATION BY NANOMEDI-CINES: EXAMPLES FOR THE GOOD AND THE BAD, European Journal of Nanomedicine. 3, 13 (2010). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/EJNM.2010.3.1.13
ABSTRACT
Nanomedicines are pharmaceutical agents consisting of ∼20-400 nm size particles that overlap with the size of viruses and, hence, are recognized by the immune system. The resulting stimulation of the innate and antigen-specific immune responses can be either beneficial or harmful. This review focuses on two examples of the Janus faced interaction between the nanomedicines and the immune system; the beneficial stimulation of epidermal Langerhans cells and expansion of HIV-specific memory T cells by a therapeutic AIDS vaccine (DermaVir), and the harmful triggering of the complement (C) system leading to hypersensitivity reactions, called C activation related pseudoallergy (CARPA). In addition to the illustrated survey of the molecular-cellular interactions underlying these phenomena, this review provides an update on the clinical development of DermaVir and the state of CARPA prevention - anti-CARPA therapy.
Keywords: first-line HIV therapy; vaccine; immunotherapy; dendritic cells; immune toxicity; nanoparticles; anaphylaxis; hypersensitivity reactions; infusion reactions
